September 10, 2014 -- Wednesday (shortened day due to late arrival)
平成二十六年九月十日　－－　水曜日

ワーム・ウップ
な　けいようし　－－　なかま　６１　ページ
Write a Japanese sentence for each na-adjective below.  See page 61 of Nakama

きれい（な）
しずか（な）
りっぱ（な）
すてき（な）
ゆうめい（な）



宿題　しゅくだい　Ｈｏｍｅｗｏｒｋ：

1. Yesterday's homework (write out the sentences for the Godzilla-and-Hello-Kitty-at-Harvard story) will be due tomorrow, since so few people consulted the blog in order to do it.

ゴジラ　と　ハロキティ　は　だいがくせい　と　ともだち　です。

Godzilla and Hello Kitty are university students and friends.

ハーバード　だいがく     Harvard University

一ねんせい                      freshman/men (1st year student/s)

えいぶんがく　　　　　English literature

六時　に　おきます。   [they] get up at 6 o'clock

あさごはんーー                breakfast

　　　　　ゴジラ　　　　　ひとびと　を　たべます。 eats people

　　　　　ハロキティー　　とり　を　たべます。 eats birds

　　　　　ゴジラ　も　ハロキティー　も　ミルク　を　のみます。 [both] drink milk

しゅうまつ weekend ーー

　うみ　に　いきます。   go to the sea (beach)

　すな　の　しろ　を　つくります。　make sand castles
     More about Godzilla and Hello Kitty at Harvard
     ゴジラ　の　りょう　の　へや　に
　　　King Kong (not really)
　　　ひと　の　あし
　　　シアズ・タワー

     ハロキティー　の　りょう　の　へや　に
　　　小さい　ねこ　（おもちゃ、A toy)
　　　ベッド
　　　テレビ　と　ラジオ

2. Summarize in 4 English paragraphs the reading about the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, adapted from Wikipedia


"The Great Kantō earthquake (関東大震災, Kantō daishinsai) struck the Kantō Plain on the Japanese main island of Honshū at 11:58:44 a.m. JST (2:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923. Varied accounts indicate the duration of the earthquake was between four and 10 minutes.^[2] The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake later surpassed that record, at magnitude 9.0.

"The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.9 on the Moment magnitude scale (M_w), with its focus deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in the Sagami Bay. The cause was a rupture of part of the convergent boundary where the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk Plate along the line of the Sagami Trough.

Outline

Desolation of Nihonbashi and Kanda seen from the Roof of Dai-ichi Sogo Building, Kyōbashi

"This earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, and the surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region.^[5] The power was so great in Kamakura, over 60 km (37 mi) from the epicenter, it moved the Great Buddha statue, which weighs about 93 short tons (84,000 kg), almost two feet.

"Estimated casualties totaled about 142,800 deaths, including about 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead. The damage from this natural disaster was the greatest sustained by prewar Japan. In 1960, the government declared September 1, the anniversary of the quake, as an annual "Disaster Prevention Day".

"According to the Japanese construction company Kajima Kobori Research's conclusive report of September 2004, 105,385 deaths were confirmed in the 1923 quake.

Damage and deaths

Destruction of the area around Sensō-ji temple in Asakusa

"Because the earthquake struck at lunchtime when many people were cooking meals over fire, many people died as a result of the many large fires that broke out. Some fires developed into firestorms that swept across cities. Many people died when their feet became stuck on melting tarmac. The single greatest loss of life was caused by a fire tornado that engulfed open space at the Rikugun Honjo Hifukusho (formerly the Army Clothing Depot) in downtown Tokyo, where about 38,000 people were incinerated after taking shelter there following the earthquake. The earthquake broke water mains all over the city, and putting out the fires took nearly two full days until late in the morning of September 3. An estimated 6,400 people were killed and 381,000 houses were destroyed by the fire alone.

"A strong typhoon struck Tokyo Bay at about the same time as the earthquake. Some scientists, including C. F. Brooks of the United States Weather Bureau, suggested the opposing energy exerted by a sudden decrease of atmospheric pressure coupled with a sudden increase of sea pressure by a storm surge on an already-stressed earthquake fault, known as the Sagami Trough, may have triggered the earthquake. Winds from the typhoon caused fires off the coast of Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture to spread rapidly.

"The Emperor and Empress were staying at Nikko when the earthquake struck Tokyo, and were never in any danger.

Marunouchi in flames

"Many homes were buried or swept away by landslides in the mountainous and hilly coastal areas in western Kanagawa Prefecture, killing about 800 people. A collapsing mountainside in the village of Nebukawa, west of Odawara, pushed the entire village and a passenger train carrying over 100 passengers, along with the railway station, into the sea.

"A tsunami with waves up to 10 m (33 ft) high struck the coast of Sagami Bay, Bōsō Peninsula, Izu Islands, and the east coast of Izu Peninsula within minutes. The tsunami killed many, including about 100 people along Yui-ga-hama Beach in Kamakura and an estimated 50 people on the Enoshima causeway. Over 570,000 homes were destroyed, leaving an estimated 1.9 million homeless. Evacuees were transported by ship from Kanto to as far as Kobe in Kansai. The damage is estimated to have exceeded US$1 billion (or about $14 billion today). There were 57 aftershocks.

"Altogether, the earthquake and typhoon killed an estimated 99,300 people, and another 43,500 were missing.

"The Honda Point Disaster on the United States west coast, in which seven US Navy destroyers ran aground and 23 lives were lost, has been attributed to navigational errors caused by unusual currents set up by the earthquake in Japan.

Aftermath

A view of the destruction in Yokohama

"Following the devastation of the earthquake, some in the government considered the possibility of moving the capital elsewhere^. Proposed sites for the new capital were even discussed.

"Japanese commentators interpreted the disaster as an act of divine punishment to admonish the Japanese people for their self-centered, immoral, and extravagant lifestyles. In the long run, the response to the disaster was a strong sense that Japan had been given an unparalleled opportunity to rebuild the city, and to rebuild Japanese values. In reconstructing the city, the nation, and the Japanese people, the earthquake fostered a culture of catastrophe and reconstruction that amplified discourses of moral degeneracy and national renovation in interwar Japan.

"After the earthquake, Gotō Shinpei organized a reconstruction plan of Tokyo with modern networks of roads, trains, and public services. Parks were placed all over Tokyo as refuge spots, and public buildings were constructed with stricter standards than private buildings to accommodate refugees. However, the outbreak of World War II and subsequent destruction severely limited resources.

Memorial service for foreigners who died at the earthquake: The woman burning incense is the wife of the Italian Ambassador. The venue is Zōjō-ji in Shiba Park.

"Frank Lloyd Wright received credit for designing the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, to withstand the quake, although in fact the building was damaged by the shock. The destruction of the US embassy caused Ambassador Cyrus Woods to relocate the embassy to the hotel.  Wright's structure withstood the anticipated earthquake stresses, and the hotel remained in use until 1968.

"The unfinished battlecruiser Amagi was in drydock being converted into an aircraft carrier in Yokosuka in compliance with the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. However, the earthquake damaged the Amagi beyond repair, leading it to be scrapped, and the unfinished fast battleship Kaga was converted into an aircraft carrier in its place.

"In contrast to London, where typhoid fever had been steadily declining since the 1870s, the rate in Tokyo remained high, more so in the upper-class residential northern and western districts than in the densely populated working-class eastern district. An explanation is the decline of waste disposal, which became particularly serious in the northern and western districts when traditional methods of waste disposal collapsed due to urbanization. The 1923 earthquake led to record-high morbidity due to unsanitary conditions following the earthquake, and it prompted the establishment of antityphoid measures and the building of urban infrastructure.

Metropolitan Police Department burning at Marunouchi, near Hibiya Park

Memory

"Beginning in 1960, every September 1 is designated as Disaster Prevention Day to commemorate the earthquake and remind people of the importance of preparation, as September and October are the middle of the typhoon season. Schools and public and private organizations host disaster drills. Tokyo is located near a fault zone beneath the Izu Peninsula which, on average, causes a major earthquake about once every 70 years, and is also located near the Sagami Trough, a large subduction zone that threatens to create a massive earthquake that, in the darkest case, would kill millions in the Kanto Region. Every year on this date, schools across Japan take a moment of silence at the precise time the earthquake hit in memory of the lives lost.

"Some discreet memorials are located in Yokoamicho Park in Sumida Ward, at the site of the open space in which an estimated 38,000 people were killed by a single fire tornado. The park houses a Buddhist-style memorial hall/museum, a memorial bell donated by Taiwanese Buddhists, a memorial to the victims of World War II Tokyo air raids."