Monday, December 16, 2019

Verb Groups -- Descriptions


Verb Groups – Descriptions   
どうし の クループ の せつめい

 Up to now, we have used one level of verbs, verbs in the masu (mashita)/desu (deshita) forms.  This level is known as "neutral polite."  Now we have to learn the fundamental form, the plain (informal) “infinitive” form.  This form is also known as the "dictionary form" because this is how verbs are listed in dictionaries.   In order to learn this conjugational form, we have to learn about the three groups of verbs, Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3. 
    一ばん の グループ:Also known as う, “strong” verbs or “consonant” verbs
            Most numerous group
            In the “masu” form, always has an extrai” syllable before the “masu
            In the plain negative form, always has an extra “a” syllable before the “nai”
            Complex but regular conjugation
Plain/dictionary form always ends in an “u” syllable
from the same hiragana line as the extra “i” syllable
会います meets  会う  to meet   あわない
書きます writes   書く     to write   かかない
話します speaks  話す   to speak   はなさない
            たちます stands  たつ    to stand    たたない
            しにます dies      しぬ    to die     しなない
            Use the Te Form Song to figure out how to change from Masu form to Te form

    ニばん の グループ: Also known as る “weak” verbs or “ru” verbs
            Second most numerous group
            Easiest form to conjugate in the “te” form: take off the “masu” and put on the “te
            Easiest form to conjugate in plain/dictionary form: take off “masu”, put on “ru
            All these verbs end in either “eru” or “iru” in the plain/dictionary form.
                                                食べます  eats   食べる  to eat   たべない
               あけます  opens   あける  to open   あけない
               見ます     sees   見る    to see    みない
               おきます   gets up   おきる  to get up   おきない
                        (But  かえる to return homeandねじる to swivel, twist, are group 1)

③ 三ばん の クループ: Also known as “irregular” verbs
            Smallest group – only 2 verbs are included
            Most difficult to conjugate because there are no rules
              
                                    します does/plays (sports) する    to do, play (sports)
                                                                                    (しない Doesn’t do
            来ます  comes                             来る(くる)   to come
                                                                                    (来ない こない Doesn’t come)

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