Monday, April 18, 2022

敬語(けいご)Introduction to keigo/honorific language

 April 18, 2022 – Monday   令和4418月曜日

When crows caw, weather will change

            からす  なく   てんき  かわる

鳥 が鳴く天気が変わ

 

“…common themes found throughout Japanese culture include a sense of identity based on social groups and place of birth, a polite and humble style of communication, a pragmatic approach to situations and challenges, as well as an appreciation and enjoyment of artistic activities and forms of entertainment.”     https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/japanese-culture/japanese-culture-core-concepts

 

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Respect 敬: 漢字とひらがなと英語を書いて下さい

尊敬 そんけい Respect, esteem  

敬意 けいい Respect, honor 

敬語 けいご  Honorific language 

謙遜 けんそんHumility, modesty  

 

A. Giving and receiving – to equals

上げる(あげる)(My group &I give to others

くれる(くれる) Others give to memy group

もらう      To receive


友達は私にプレゼント (おみやげ)を くれました。My friend gave me a present.

私は学生に教科書(きょうかしょ)を 上げました。I gave a textbook to the student.

留学生(りゅうがくせい)は ホームステーのご家族からお花をもらいました。The exchange student received flowers from the homestay family.

 

B.  Giving and receiving – to higher status person (hierarchy)

さし上げる(さしあげる)I /my group give to higher

            status person

下さる(くださる) Higher status person gives to

          me/my group

いただく      I /my group receive from     

          higher status person


私達のクラスの学生はパーカー校長先生にチョコレートをさし上げました。Students in our class gave chocolate to Principal Parker.

ライトフット市長は妹にきれいな本 を 下さいました。Mayor Lightfoot gave my younger sister pretty book.

大学の先生は天皇陛下(てんのうへいかHis Imperial Majesty)から文化(ぶんかCulture)の賞(しょうPrize)いただきました。 The college professor received the Culture Prize from His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor.

 

C.   Figuring out who is your group, and under what circumstances that is your group….See info from Nakama Two, Chapter 7, pp.341-347

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