Wednesday, December 10, 2014

Review --- nouns, relational particles, question words – are there any that we should add?

Noun Categories(りょうり -- cuisine, cooking :
     foods  食べもの -- ケーキ、アイスクリーム、肉(にく)、魚(さかな)、ポテト、トマト、たまご、オレンジ、いちご、りんご、ごはん、ラーメン、おすし、カレーライス、やさい(vegetables, くだもの (fruit
  drinks 飲みもの -- コーヒー、コーラ、ジュース、ミルク, ラムネ
     classroom きょうしつ -- つくえ、えんぴつ、こくばん、かみ、本、ドア、まど、しろばん
     home うち  -- ベッド、テーブル、いす、
     world countries/nations and cities アメリカ、日本、中ごく、かんこく、カナダ、メキシコ、ドイツ、インド、フランス、イタリア、オーストラリア、いぎりす、ロシア、ハンガリア、とうきょう、おおさか、きょうと、ニューヨーク、シカゴ、ロンドン、パリ、ロス、
     writings and publications しんぶん、ざっし、本、てがみ、さくぶん
     sports and hobbies サッカー、アメフット、テニス、やきゅう、バスケットボール、ゴルフ、
     geographical features 川、山、田、うみ、木、林(はやし)、森(もり)
     people: pronouns, titles, jobs, roles, relationships
  私、先生、学生、ともだち、おかあさん、おとうさん、おばあさん、おじいさん、おにいさん
      Means of transport: 車(くるま)、でんしゃ、バス、じてんしゃ、ひこうき、しんかんせん

Relational-particles
          indicates topic or subject of sentence
          makes a statement into a question
          follows direct object of active verb
            1. indicates destination in sentence with traveling verb
                 2. indicates location in sentence with existence verb
                 3. indicates exact time (with name or number),
             1.  indicates “by means of” means of transport with traveling verb
                  2. indicates location where action happens in sentence with
       active verb
                  3. indicates “by means of “ a language or a tool (like a fork)
            1.  “and” between nouns, closed series
               2.  “accompanying” another person
           “and” between nouns, open series
     が 1. "But" between independent clauses
         2.  Indicates grammatical subject in sentences about likes/dislikes
                                                            (for example)
           indicates possession between nouns, like apostrophe s
               Indicates “of” or “from” between nouns
                   から  1.  “from” as in 日本から来ました I came from Japan.
                                                        2. “therefore” between independent clauses
                   からーまで     “from” a time “until” a later time
                                      “from” a place “to” a more distant place


Question words:
どこ where
だれ who
どのwhich
どちら which direction
どんなwhat kind of
いつwhen
what
何月what month
何日what day of month
          何時what time (o’clock)
何人how many people
なにじんwhat nationality
どうしてwhy (informal)

なぜwhy (formal)

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